to what extent does eliza transform in acts 1 and 2?

1913 play by George Bernard Shaw

For other works with this title, see Pygmalion.

Pygmalion
Illustration depicting Mrs. Patrick Campbell as Eliza Doolittle
Written by	George Bernard Shaw
Characters	Professor Henry Higgins Colonel Pickering Eliza Doolittle Alfred Doolittle Mrs. Pearce Mrs. Higgins Mrs. Eynsford-Colina Clara Eynsford-Loma Freddy Eynsford-Hill
Date premiered	16 October 1913 (1913-10-16)
Place premiered	Hofburg Theatre in Vienna, Austria
Genre	romantic comedy, social criticism
Setting	London, England

Pygmalion is a play past George Bernard Shaw, named after the Greek mythological figure. It premiered at the Hofburg Theatre in Vienna on 16 October 1913 and was outset presented in English on stage to the public in 1913. Its English language-linguistic communication premiere took place at Her Majesty'southward Theatre in the West Cease in Apr 1914 and starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree equally phonetics professor Henry Higgins and Mrs Patrick Campbell equally Cockney flower daughter Eliza Doolittle.

In ancient Greek mythology, Pygmalion fell in love with 1 of his sculptures, which so came to life. The full general thought of that myth was a pop subject for Victorian era British playwrights, including one of Shaw's influences, West. S. Gilbert, who wrote a successful play based on the story called Pygmalion and Galatea that was starting time presented in 1871. Shaw would also have been familiar with the musical Adonis and the caricatural version, Galatea, or Pygmalion Reversed. Shaw'southward play has been adapted numerous times, virtually notably as the 1938 film Pygmalion, the 1956 musical My Fair Lady and its 1964 film version.

Shaw mentioned that the character of Professor Henry Higgins was inspired by several British professors of phonetics: Alexander Melville Bell, Alexander J. Ellis, Tito Pagliardini, but above all, the cantankerous Henry Sweetness.^[1]

First productions [edit]

A Sketch Magazine illustration of Mrs. Patrick Campbell equally Eliza Doolittle from 22 April 1914. Shaw wrote the part of Eliza expressly for Campbell, who played opposite Herbert Beerbohm Tree as Henry Higgins.

After creating the part of Col. Pickering in the London production, Philip Merivale (second from right) played Henry Higgins contrary Mrs. Patrick Campbell (correct) when Pygmalion was taken to Broadway (1914)

Shaw wrote the play in early 1912 and read it to famed actress Mrs. Patrick Campbell in June. She came on board about immediately, merely her mild nervous breakup contributed to the delay of a London production. Pygmalion premiered at the Hofburg Theatre in Vienna on 16 October 1913, in a German translation by Shaw'south Viennese literary agent and acolyte, Siegfried Trebitsch.^{[two] [3]} Its first New York product opened on 24 March 1914 at the German-linguistic communication Irving Place Theatre.^[four] It opened in London on 11 April 1914, at Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree's His Majesty's Theatre, with Campbell every bit Eliza and Tree as Higgins, and ran for 118 performances.^[v] Shaw directed the actors through tempestuous rehearsals oft punctuated by at to the lowest degree i of the two storming out of the theatre in a rage.^[vi]

Plot [edit]

Act Ane [edit]

A group of people are sheltering from the rain. Among them are the Eynsford-Hills, superficial social climbers eking out a living in "genteel poverty", consisting initially of Mrs. Eynsford-Hill and her daughter Clara. Clara'south blood brother Freddy enters having earlier been dispatched to secure them a cab (which they can ill-afford), merely being rather timid and faint-hearted he has failed to do so. As he goes off in one case again to find a cab, he bumps into a flower girl, Eliza Doolittle. Her flowers drop into the mud of Covent Garden, the flowers she needs to survive in her poverty-stricken earth. Shortly, they are joined past a admirer, Colonel Pickering. While Eliza tries to sell flowers to the Colonel, a bystander informs her that a man is writing down everything she says. The man is Henry Higgins, a linguist. Eliza worries that Higgins is a police officer and volition not calm downward until Higgins introduces himself. It soon becomes apparent that he and Colonel Pickering take a shared involvement in phonetics; indeed, Pickering has come from India to meet Higgins, and Higgins was planning to go to India to meet Pickering. Higgins tells Pickering that he could laissez passer off the flower daughter as a duchess just by teaching her to speak properly. These words of bravado spark an interest in Eliza, who would honey to make changes in her life and become more mannerly, fifty-fifty though, to her, it only means working in a flower store. At the cease of the act, Freddy returns subsequently finding a taxi, only to find that his female parent and sis have gone and left him with the cab. The streetwise Eliza takes the cab from him, using the money that Higgins tossed to her, leaving him on his own.

Human action 2 [edit]

'Higgins' home – the side by side 24-hour interval

Equally Higgins demonstrates his phonetics to Pickering, the housekeeper Mrs Pearce tells him that a immature girl wants to see him. Eliza has shown up because she wishes to talk like a lady in a flower shop. She tells Higgins that she will pay for lessons. He shows no interest, but she reminds him of his boast the previous twenty-four hour period. Higgins claimed that he could pass her for a duchess. Pickering makes a bet with him on his claim and says that he volition pay for her lessons if Higgins succeeds. She is sent off to accept a bath. Mrs Pearce tells Higgins that he must deport himself in the young girl's presence, pregnant he must stop swearing, and better his table manners, merely he is at a loss to understand why she should find fault with him. Alfred Doolittle, Eliza's begetter, appears with the sole purpose of getting money out of Higgins, having no paternal interest in his daughter's welfare. He sees himself as a member of the undeserving poor, and ways to continue being undeserving. With his intelligent mind untamed by education, he has an eccentric view of life. He is also aggressive, and when Eliza, on her return, sticks her tongue out at him, he goes to striking her, but is prevented by Pickering. The scene ends with Higgins telling Pickering that they really take got a difficult job on their hands.

Act Three [edit]

Mrs. Higgins' drawing room

Higgins bursts in and tells his female parent he has picked upwardly a "mutual bloom daughter" whom he has been didactics. Mrs. Higgins is not very impressed with her son's attempts to win her approval because it is her 'at home' day and she is entertaining visitors. The visitors are the Eynsford-Hills. Higgins is rude to them on their inflow. Eliza enters and shortly falls into talking about the weather and her family. Whilst she is at present able to speak in beautifully modulated tones, the substance of what she says remains unchanged from the gutter. She confides her suspicions that her aunt was killed by relatives, and mentions that gin had been "mother's milk" to this aunt, and that Eliza's own father was always more cheerful subsequently a goodly corporeality of gin. Higgins passes off her remarks as "the new pocket-sized talk", and Freddy is enraptured. When she is leaving, he asks her if she is going to walk across the park, to which she replies, "Walk? Non bloody likely!" (This is the most famous line from the play, and, for many years later the play's debut, use of the word 'bloody' was known as a pygmalion; Mrs. Campbell was considered to have risked her career by speaking the line on stage.^[vii]) After she and the Eynsford-Hills leave, Henry asks for his female parent's opinion. She says the daughter is not presentable and is very concerned nigh what will happen to her, but neither Higgins nor Pickering understands her thoughts of Eliza'southward future, and leave feeling confident and excited about how Eliza will get on. This leaves Mrs. Higgins feeling exasperated, and exclaiming, "Men! Men!! Men!!!"

Human activity Four [edit]

Higgins' home – midnight

Higgins, Pickering, and Eliza have returned from a ball. A tired Eliza sits unnoticed, heart-searching and silent, while Pickering congratulates Higgins on winning the bet. Higgins scoffs and declares the evening a "silly tomfoolery", thanking God information technology's over and saying that he had been sick of the whole thing for the last 2 months. However barely acknowledging Eliza across request her to leave a notation for Mrs. Pearce regarding coffee, the two retire to bed. Higgins returns to the room, looking for his slippers, and Eliza throws them at him. Higgins is taken ashamed, and is at showtime completely unable to empathise Eliza's preoccupation, which bated from being ignored after her triumph is the question of what she is to exercise now. When Higgins does understand he makes calorie-free of it, saying she could get married, but Eliza interprets this as selling herself like a prostitute. "We were higher up that at the corner of Tottenham Court Road." Finally she returns her jewelry to Higgins, including the ring he had given her, which he throws into the fireplace with a violence that scares Eliza. Furious with himself for losing his atmosphere, he damns Mrs. Pearce, the java and and then Eliza, and finally himself, for "lavishing" his noesis and his "regard and intimacy" on a "heartless guttersnipe", and retires in slap-up dudgeon. Eliza roots effectually in the fireplace and retrieves the ring.

Act 5 [edit]

Mrs. Higgins' drawing room – the next morning time

Higgins and Pickering, perturbed by the discovery that Eliza has walked out on them, call on Mrs. Higgins to phone the law. Higgins is especially distracted, since Eliza had assumed the responsibility of maintaining his diary and keeping track of his possessions, which causes Mrs. Higgins to decry their calling the police as though Eliza were "a lost umbrella". Doolittle is announced; he emerges dressed in excellent wedding attire and is furious with Higgins, who subsequently their previous encounter had been so taken with Doolittle'due south unorthodox ideals that he had recommended him every bit the "about original moralist in England" to a rich American founding Moral Reform Societies; the American had after left Doolittle a pension worth iii thou pounds a twelvemonth, as a consequence of which Doolittle feels intimidated into joining the middle course and marrying his missus. Mrs. Higgins observes that this at to the lowest degree settles the trouble of who shall provide for Eliza, to which Higgins objects – after all, he paid Doolittle five pounds for her. Mrs. Higgins informs her son that Eliza is upstairs, and explains the circumstances of her inflow, alluding to how marginalised and overlooked Eliza felt the previous dark. Higgins is unable to appreciate this, and sulks when told that he must bear if Eliza is to bring together them. Doolittle is asked to wait outside.

Eliza enters, at ease and cocky-possessed. Higgins blusters but Eliza isn't shaken and speaks exclusively to Pickering. Throwing Higgins' previous insults back at him ("Oh, I'm just a squashed cabbage leaf"), Eliza remarks that information technology was only by Pickering's example that she learned to be a lady, which renders Higgins speechless. Eliza goes on to say that she has completely left behind the flower daughter she was, and that she couldn't utter any of her former sounds if she tried – at which point Doolittle emerges from the balcony, causing Eliza to relapse totally into her gutter voice communication. Higgins is jubilant, jumping upwards and crowing over her. Doolittle explains his situation and asks if Eliza volition come with him to his wedding. Pickering and Mrs. Higgins also agree to go, and exit with Doolittle and Eliza to follow.

The scene ends with another confrontation betwixt Higgins and Eliza. Higgins asks if Eliza is satisfied with the revenge she has brought thus far and if she will at present come back, but she refuses. Higgins defends himself from Eliza's earlier accusation past arguing that he treats everyone the same, so she shouldn't experience singled out. Eliza replies that she only wants a little kindness, and that since he will never end to show her this, she will non come back, simply will ally Freddy. Higgins scolds her for such low ambitions: he has made her "a consort for a king." When she threatens to teach phonetics and offering herself as an assistant to Higgin's academic rival Nepommuck, Higgins again loses his temper and promises to wring her neck if she does so. Eliza realises that this last threat strikes Higgins at the very core and that it gives her ability over him; Higgins, for his part, is delighted to see a spark of fight in Eliza rather than her erstwhile fretting and worrying. He remarks "I like y'all like this", and calls her a "pillar of force". Mrs. Higgins returns and she and Eliza depart for the nuptials. As they leave, Higgins incorrigibly gives Eliza a number of errands to run, as though their contempo conversation had not taken place. Eliza disdainfully explains why they are unnecessary and wonders what Higgins is going to do without her (in another version, Eliza disdainfully tells him to do the errands himself; Mrs. Higgins says that she'll go the items, but Higgins cheerfully tells her that Eliza volition do it later on all). Higgins laughs to himself at the thought of Eliza marrying Freddy as the play ends.

Critical reception [edit]

The play was well received by critics in major cities following its premieres in Vienna, London, and New York. The initial release in Vienna garnered several reviews describing the show as a positive deviation from Shaw'due south usual dry and didactic style.^[8] The Broadway premiere in New York was praised in terms of both plot and acting, described as "a love story with brusque diffidence and a wealth of humor."^[nine] Reviews of the production in London were slightly less unequivocally positive, with The Telegraph noting that the play was deeply diverting with interesting mechanical staging, although the critic ultimately found the production somewhat shallow and overly lengthy.^[ten] The Times, however, praised both the characters and actors (particularly Sir Herbert Tree equally Higgins and Mrs. Patrick Campbell as Eliza) and the happy if "unconventional" ending.^{[11] [12]}

Ending [edit]

Pygmalion was the most broadly appealing of all Shaw'due south plays. Just popular audiences, looking for pleasant entertainment with big stars in a West End venue, wanted a "happy catastrophe" for the characters they liked so well, as did some critics.^[13] During the 1914 run, Tree sought to sweeten Shaw'south ending to delight himself and his record houses.^[xiv] Shaw remained sufficiently irritated to add a postscript essay, "'What Happened Subsequently",^[15] to the 1916 impress edition for inclusion with subsequent editions, in which he explained precisely why it was incommunicable for the story to end with Higgins and Eliza getting married.

He continued to protect what he saw as the play's, and Eliza's, integrity past protecting the last scene. For at least some performances during the 1920 revival, Shaw adjusted the ending in a way that underscored the Shavian bulletin. In an undated note to Mrs. Campbell he wrote,

When Eliza emancipates herself – when Galatea comes to life – she must not relapse. She must retain her pride and triumph to the cease. When Higgins takes your arm on 'espoused battleship' you lot must instantly throw him off with implacable pride; and this is the note until the final 'Buy them yourself.' He will become out on the balcony to lookout man your departure; come up back triumphantly into the room; exclaim 'Galatea!' (significant that the statue has come to life at last); and – mantle. Thus he gets the terminal give-and-take; and you lot get information technology too.^[16]

(This ending, withal, is not included in any print version of the play.)

Shaw fought confronting a Higgins-Eliza happy-finish pairing as belatedly as 1938. He sent the 1938 movie version's producer, Gabriel Pascal, a concluding sequence which he felt offered a fair compromise: a tender farewell scene between Higgins and Eliza, followed by one showing Freddy and Eliza happy in their greengrocery-flower shop. Merely at the sneak preview did he acquire that Pascal had finessed the question of Eliza'due south hereafter with a slightly ambiguous final scene in which Eliza returns to the business firm of a sadly musing Higgins and self-mockingly quotes her previous self announcing, "I washed my face up and easily before I come up, I did".

Different versions [edit]

There are two main versions of the play in circulation. One is based on the earlier version, get-go published in 1914; the other is a later version that includes several sequences revised past Shaw, starting time published in 1941. Therefore, different editions of the play omit or add certain lines. For instance, the Projection Gutenberg version published online, which is transcribed from an early version, does not include Eliza's exchange with Mrs. Pearce in Act Ii, the scene with Nepommuck in Deed 3, or Higgins' famous proclamation to Eliza, "Yep, you squashed cabbage-foliage, you disgrace to the noble architecture of these columns, y'all incarnate insult to the English! I could pass yous off as the Queen of Sheba!" – a line so famous that it is now retained in nearly all productions of the play, including the 1938 film version of Pygmalion besides as in the stage and film versions of My Fair Lady.^[17]

The co-director of the 1938 moving picture, Anthony Asquith, had seen Mrs. Campbell in the 1920 revival of Pygmalion and noticed that she spoke the line, "It'southward my belief every bit how they washed the onetime woman in." He knew "as how" was not in Shaw'southward text, but he felt it added color and rhythm to Eliza's speech, and liked to think that Mrs. Campbell had ad libbed it herself. Eighteen years later he added it to Wendy Hiller's line in the film.^[6]

In the original play Eliza'due south exam is met at an ambassador's garden party, offstage. For the 1938 film Shaw and co-writers replaced that exposition with a scene at an embassy ball; Nepommuck, the blackmailing translator spoken about in the play, is finally seen, simply his name is updated to Aristid Karpathy – named so by Gabriel Pascal, the film'due south Hungarian producer, who as well made certain that Karpathy mistakes Eliza for a Hungarian princess. In My Fair Lady he became Zoltan Karpathy. (The change of proper noun was likely to avoid offending the sensibilities of Roman Catholics, as St. John Nepomuk was, ironically, a Cosmic martyr who refused to divulge the secrets of the confessional.)

The 1938 film likewise introduced the famous pronunciation exercises "the rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain" and "In Hertford, Hereford, and Hampshire, hurricanes inappreciably ever happen".^[18] Neither of these appears in the original play. Shaw's screen version of the play likewise as a new print version incorporating the new sequences he had added for the film script were published in 1941. Many of the scenes that were written for the films were separated past asterisks, and explained in a "Annotation for Technicians" section.

Influence [edit]

Pygmalion remains Shaw'southward most pop play. The play's widest audiences know it as the inspiration for the highly romanticized 1956 musical and 1964 film My Off-white Lady.

Pygmalion has transcended cultural and language barriers since its first production. The British Museum contains "images of the Shine product...; a serial of shots of a wonderfully Gallicised Higgins and Eliza in the first French product in Paris in 1923; a fascinating set up for a Russian production of the 1930s. At that place was no country which didn't have its own 'take' on the subjects of class partition and social mobility, and information technology'due south as enjoyable to view these subtle differences in settings and costumes as it is to imagine translators wracking their brains for their own equivalent of 'Not encarmine probable'."^[19]

Joseph Weizenbaum named his chatterbot computer program ELIZA afterward the character Eliza Doolittle.^[20]

Notable productions [edit]

• 1914: Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree and Mrs Patrick Campbell at His Majesty's Theatre
• 1914: Philip Merivale and Mrs Patrick Campbell at three Broadway theatres [Park, Liberty and Wallack's] (Us)
• 1920: C Aubrey Smith and Mrs Patrick Campbell at the Aldwych Theatre
• 1926: Reginald Stonemason and Lynn Fontanne at the Guild Theatre (USA)
• 1936: Ernest Thesiger and Wendy Hiller at the Festival Theatre, Malvern
• 1937: Robert Morley and Diana Wynyard at the Erstwhile Vic Theatre
• 1945: Raymond Massey and Gertrude Lawrence at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre (Us)
• 1947: Alec Clunes and Brenda Bruce at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith
• 1953: John Clements and Kay Hammond at the St James's Theatre
• 1965: Ian White and Jane Asher at the Watford Palace Theatre
• 1974: Alec McCowen and Diana Rigg at the Albery Theatre
• 1984: Peter O'Toole and Jackie Smith-Woods at the Shaftesbury Theatre
• 1987: Peter O'Toole and Amanda Plummer at the Plymouth Theatre (U.s.)
• 1992: Alan Howard and Frances Barber at the Imperial National Theatre
• 1997: Roy Marsden and Carli Norris (who replaced Emily Lloyd early on in rehearsals) at the Albery Theatre^[21]
• 2007: Tim Pigott-Smith and Michelle Dockery at the Onetime Vic Theatre
• 2007: Jefferson Mays and Claire Danes at American Airlines Theatre (The states)
• 2010: Simon Robson and Cush Jumbo at the Regal Exchange Theatre, Manchester
• 2011: Rupert Everett (later Alistair McGowan) and Kara Tointon at the Garrick Theatre^[22]
• 2011: Risteárd Cooper and Charlie Murphy at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin

Adaptations [edit]

Stage

• My Fair Lady (1956), the Broadway musical past Lerner and Loewe (based on the 1938 film), starring Rex Harrison as Higgins and Julie Andrews as Eliza

Film

Cinematographer Harry Stradling poses with Audrey Hepburn equally Eliza Doolittle on the set of the 1964 movie musical My Fair Lady.

• Pygmalion (1935), a German movie accommodation by Shaw and others, starring Gustaf Gründgens equally Higgins and Jenny Jugo as Eliza. Directed past Erich Engel.
• Hoi Polloi (1935), a short feature starring The Three Stooges comedy team. To win a bet, a professor attempts to transform the Stooges into gentlemen.
• Pygmalion (1937), a Dutch film accommodation, starring Johan De Meester as Higgins and Lily Bouwmeester as Elisa. Directed by Ludwig Berger.
• Pygmalion (1938), a British motion picture adaptation by Shaw and others, starring Leslie Howard equally Higgins and Wendy Hiller as Eliza
• Kitty (1945), a film based on the novel of the same name by Rosamond Marshall (published in 1943). A wide interpretation of the Pygmalion story line, the moving picture tells the rags-to-riches story of a young guttersnipe, Cockney daughter.
• My Fair Lady (1964), a movie version of the musical starring Audrey Hepburn equally Eliza and Rex Harrison as Higgins
• The Opening of Misty Beethoven (1976), an American hardcore pornography film take-off starring Constance Money and Jamie Gillis
• She'due south All That (1999): a mod, teenage accept on Pygmalion
• The Duff (2015): based on the novel of the same proper noun by Kody Keplinger, which in turn is a modern teenage adaption of Pygmalion
• He's All That (2021): a Netflix Original movie that's a gender-bandy retelling of the 1999 teen comedy; featuring Addison Rae and Rachael Leigh Cook

Television

• A 1948 BBC Boob tube version starring Margaret Lockwood as Eliza and Ralph Michael as Higgins
• A 1963 Hallmark Hall of Fame production of Pygmalion, starring Julie Harris as Eliza and James Donald equally Higgins
• Pigmalião 70, a 1970 Brazilian telenovela, starring Sérgio Cardoso, and Tônia Carrero
• Pygmalion (1973), a BBC Play of the Month version starring James Villiers as Higgins and Lynn Redgrave as Eliza
• Pygmalion (1981), a picture version starring Twiggy as Eliza and Robert Powell as Higgins
• Pygmalion (1983), an adaptation starring Peter O'Toole every bit Higgins and Margot Kidder as Eliza
• The Makeover, a 2013 Authentication Hall of Fame mod adaptation of Pygmalion, starring Julia Stiles and David Walton and directed by John Gray^{[23] [24]}
• Selfie, a 2014 boob tube sitcom on ABC, starring Karen Gillan and John Cho.
• Archetype Alice, a webseries, aired a 10-episode adaptation on YouTube, starring Kate Hackett and Tony Noto in 2014.
• Totalmente Demais, a 2015 Brazilian telenovela, starring Juliana Paes, Marina Ruy Barbosa and Fábio Assunção.

The BBC has broadcast radio adaptations at least twice, in 1986 directed past John Tydeman and in 2021 directed by Emma Harding.

Non–English language

• Pigmalió, an adaptation past Joan Oliver into Catalan. Set in 1950s Barcelona, it was start staged in Sabadell in 1957 and has had other stagings since.
• Ti Phulrani, an accommodation past Pu La Deshpande in Marä thi. The plot follows Pygmalion closely but the language features are based on Marä thi.
• Santu Rangeeli, an adaptation by Madhu Rye and Pravin Joshi in Gujarati.
• A 1996 television play in Smoothen, translated by Kazimierz Piotrowski, directed by Maciej Wojtyszko and performed at Teatr Telewizji (Smoothen Television set studio in Warsaw) by some of the top Smooth actors at the time. It has been aired on national TV numerous times since its Boob tube premiere in 1998.
• A 2007 adaptation by Aka Morchiladze and Levan Tsuladze in Georgian performed at the Marjanishvili Theatre in Tbilisi
• Man Pasand, a 1980 Hindi movie directed by Basu Chatterjee
• Ogo Bodhu Shundori, a 1981 Bengali comedy moving picture starring Uttam Kumar directed by Salil Dutta
• My Young Auntie, a 1981 Hong Kong action film directed past Lau Kar-Leung
• Laiza Porko Sushi, a Papiamentu adaptation from author and artist May Henriquez
• Gönülcelen, a Turkish series starring Tuba Büyüküstün and Cansel Elcin
• Δύο Ξένοι, a Greek series starring Nikos Sergianopoulos and Evelina Papoulia

In popular culture [edit]

Films [edit]

• The Kickoff Night of Pygmalion (1972), a play depicting the backstage tensions during the kickoff British production.
• Willy Russell's 1980 phase comedy Educating Rita and the subsequent film accommodation are similar in plot to Pygmalion. ^[25]
• Trading Places (1983), a film starring Eddie White potato and Dan Aykroyd.^[26]
• Pretty Woman (1990), a film starring Julia Roberts and Richard Gere.^[27]
• Mighty Aphrodite (1995) a film directed past Woody Allen.^[28]
• She's All That (1999), a moving picture starring Rachael Leigh Cook and Freddie Prinze Jr.^[29]
• Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (2004), a motion picture starring Lindsay Lohan where she auditions for a modernized musical version of Pygmalion called "Eliza Rocks".^[30]
• Ruby-red Sparks (2012), a film written by and starring Zoe Kazan explores a author (played by Paul Dano) who falls in love with his own fictional grapheme who becomes real.^[31]

Television [edit]

• Moonlighting 's second-season episode "My Off-white David" (1985) is inspired by the movie My Fair Lady, in a plot where Maddie Hayes makes a bet with David Addison consisting in making him softer and more serious with piece of work. She is her Henry Higgins, while he is put in the Eliza Doolittle position, equally the funny, clumsy, bad-mannered role of the relationship.
• The Man from U.N.C.Fifty.E. 'south third-season episode "The Galatea Affair" (1966) is a spoof of My Off-white Lady. A crude barroom entertainer (Joan Collins) is taught to behave like a lady. Noel Harrison, son of Male monarch Harrison, star of the My Off-white Lady film, is the guest star.
• In The Beverly Hillbillies episode "Pygmalion and Elly" Sonny resumes his loftier-class courtship of Elly May by playing Julius Caesar and Pygmalion.
• In The Andy Griffith Prove season four episode "My Fair Ernest T. Bass", Andy and Barney attempt to turn the mannerless Ernest T. Bass into a presentable gentleman. References to "Pygmalion" grow: Bass' manners are tested at a social gathering, where he is assumed past the hostess to be a man from Boston. Several characters comment "if you wrote this into a play nobody'd believe information technology."
• In Doctor Who, the character of Leela is loosely based on Eliza Doolittle. She was a regular in the programme from 1977 to 1978, and after reprised in sound dramas from 2003 to nowadays. In Ghost Light, the character of Control is heavily based upon Eliza Doolittle, with Redvers Fenn-Cooper in a similar role as Henry Higgins; the story also features reference to the "Rain in Kingdom of spain" rhyme and the Medico referring to companion Ace equally "Eliza".
• In the Remington Steele season 2 episode "My Fair Steele", Laura and Steele transform a truck end waitress into a socialite to affluent out a kidnapper. Steele references the 1938 movie Pygmalion and My Fair Lady, and references the mode in which Laura has "molded" him into her fictional creation.
• In the Magnum, P.I. episode "Professor Jonathan Higgins" of Season 5, Jonathan Higgins tries to plow his punk rocker cousin into a high order socialite. Higgins references Pygmalion in the episode.
• The Simpsons episode titled "Pygmoelian" is inspired by Pygmalion, in which ugly barman Moe Szyslak has a facelift. It was likewise parodied to a heavier extent in the episode "My Fair Laddy", where the character being changed is uncouth Scotsman Groundskeeper Willie, with Lisa Simpson taking the Henry Higgins part.
• The Family Guy episode "1 If Past Mollusk, Ii If Past Bounding main" involves a subplot with Stewie trying to refine Eliza Pinchley, his new Cockney-accented neighbour, into a proper immature lady. He makes a bet with Brian that he can improve Eliza'south vocabulary and get her to speak without her accent before her birthday political party. Includes "The Life of the Wife", a parody of the song "The Rain in Spain" (from My Fair Lady). The phonation of Stewie was in fact originally based on that of Rex Harrison.
• The plot of the Star Expedition: Voyager episode "Someone to Watch Over Me" is loosely based on Pygmalion, with the ship's holographic physician playing the role of Higgins to the ex-Borg Seven of Nine.
• In the Boy Meets Globe episode "Turnaround", Cory and Shawn learn nearly "Pygmalion" in form, paralleling their attempt with Cory'due south uncool date to the trip the light fantastic toe.
• The iCarly episode "iMake Sam Girlier" is loosely based on Pygmalion.^{[ commendation needed ]}
• The Flavour 7 King of the Hill episode "Pigmalian" describes an unhinged local sus scrofa magnate who attempts to transform Luanne into the idealized adult female of his company's quondam advertisements.
• In The King of Queens episode "Gambling N'Diction" Carrie tries to lose her accent for a job promotion past beingness taught past Spence. The episode was renamed to "Carrie Doolittle" in Germany.
• In 2014, ABC debuted a romantic situational comedy titled Selfie, starring Karen Gillan and John Cho. It is a mod-day adaptation that revolves around an image-obsessed woman named Eliza Dooley (Gillan) who comes under the social guidance of marketing image guru Henry Higgs (Cho).
• In the Malaysian drama Nur, Pygmalion themes are evident. The lives of a pious, upstanding man and a sex worker are considered inside the context of Islam, societal expectations and norms.

References [edit]

1. ^ George Bernard Shaw, Androcles and the Lion: Overruled : Pygmalion (New York City: Brentano's, 1918), page 109. Archived 14 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine (Annotation: Alexander Thousand. Bell'due south first married woman was named Eliza.)
2. ^ "Theses & Conference Papers". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
3. ^ Shaw, Bernard, edited by Samuel A. Weiss (1986). Bernard Shaw'south Messages to Siegfried Trebitsch. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1257-3, p.164.
4. ^ "Herr 1000.B. Shaw at the Irving Place." Archived 26 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Archived 23 Baronial 2015 at the Wayback Machine 25 March 1914. In late 1914 Mrs Campbell took the London visitor to bout the United States, opening in New York at the Belasco Theatre.
5. ^ Laurence, Dan, ed. (1985). Bernard Shaw: Collected Letters, 1911–1925. New York: Viking. p. 228. ISBN0-670-80545-9.
6. ^ ^{a b} Dent, Alan (1961). Mrs. Patrick Campbell. London: Museum Press Express.
7. ^ The Truth About Pygmalion by Richard Huggett, 1969 Random House, pp. 127–128
8. ^ "The Modest Shaw Again: Explains in His Shrinking Way Why "Pygmalion" Was Showtime Done in Berlin;- Critics Like It". The New York Times. 23 Nov 1913. ProQuest 97430789.
9. ^ "Shaw'due south 'Pygmalion' Has Come to Town: With Mrs. Campbell Delightful every bit a Galatea from Tottenham Courtroom Road – A Mildly Romantic G. B. S. – His Latest Play Tells a Dear Story with Brusque Diffidence and a Wealth of Humor". The New York Times. 13 October 1914. ProQuest 97538713.
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External links [edit]

• Pygmalion at Standard Ebooks
• Pygmalion at the Internet Broadway Database
• Pygmalion stories & art: "successive retellings of the Pygmalion story after Ovid's Metamorphoses"
• Pygmalion at Project Gutenberg
• Pygmalion public domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Shaw's Pygmalion was in a unlike course 2014 Irish Examiner article past Dr. R. Hume
• "Bernard Shaw Snubs England and Amuses Federal republic of germany." The New York Times, 30 November 1913. This article quotes the original script at length ("translated into the vilest American": Letters to Trebitsch, p. 170), including its concluding lines. Its author, too, hopes for a "happy ending": that later the curtain Eliza will render bearing the gloves and necktie.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmalion_%28play%29

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